What are the deployment and best practices for Ollama in production environments? - 面试题

When deploying Ollama in production environments, consider the following key aspects:

1. System Requirements:

Hardware Requirements:

CPU: Modern processor with AVX2 instruction set support
Memory: At least 8GB RAM, recommended 16GB+
Storage: SSD storage, 4-20GB per model
GPU (Optional): NVIDIA GPU (CUDA 11.0+) or Apple Silicon (M1/M2/M3)

Operating System:

Linux (recommended Ubuntu 20.04+)
macOS 11+
Windows 10/11

2. Deployment Architecture:

Single Machine Deployment:

bash
# Install and start service
ollama serve
# Listens on 0.0.0.0:11434 by default

Docker Deployment:

dockerfile
FROM ollama/ollama

# Copy custom models
COPY my-model.gguf /root/.ollama/models/

# Start service
CMD ["ollama", "serve"]

bash
# Run container
docker run -d -v ollama:/root/.ollama -p 11434:11434 --gpus all ollama/ollama

3. Load Balancing:

Using Nginx as reverse proxy:

nginx
upstream ollama_backend {
    server 192.168.1.10:11434;
    server 192.168.1.11:11434;
    server 192.168.1.12:11434;
}

server {
    listen 80;
    server_name ollama.example.com;
    
    location / {
        proxy_pass http://ollama_backend;
        proxy_set_header Host $host;
        proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr;
    }
}

4. Monitoring and Logging:

Health Check:

bash
curl http://localhost:11434/api/tags

Log Management:

bash
# View real-time logs
ollama logs -f

# Configure log level
export OLLAMA_LOG_LEVEL=debug

5. Security Configuration:

API Authentication: Add authentication using reverse proxy:

nginx
location /api/ {
    auth_basic "Restricted";
    auth_basic_user_file /etc/nginx/.htpasswd;
    proxy_pass http://localhost:11434/api/;
}

Firewall Configuration:

bash
# Only allow specific IPs
ufw allow from 192.168.1.0/24 to any port 11434

6. Performance Optimization:

Model Preloading:

bash
# Preload models on startup
ollama run llama3.1 &

Concurrent Processing:

dockerfile
# Set in Modelfile
PARAMETER num_parallel 4

7. Backup and Recovery:

bash
# Backup models
tar -czf ollama-backup.tar.gz ~/.ollama/

# Restore models
tar -xzf ollama-backup.tar.gz -C ~/