Scrapy provides powerful error handling and retry mechanisms to deal with network request failures. When the downloader encounters an error, Scrapy automatically retries failed requests based on the configured retry strategy. The number of retries can be set through RETRY_TIMES, and the delay between retries can be controlled through configurations such as RETRY_HTTP_CODES and RETRY_PRIORITY_ADJUST. Scrapy also supports custom exception handling, allowing developers to catch and handle specific exceptions in middleware. For certain errors such as HTTP 404, 403, 500, etc., Scrapy will automatically retry. Developers can also handle request failures through the errback callback function, logging error information or performing cleanup operations. Scrapy's statistics record the number of retries and failures, making it convenient for developers to monitor the health of the spider. Proper error handling and retry mechanisms can improve spider stability and data integrity.