Docker provides multiple network modes: bridge (default mode, containers communicate through a virtual bridge), host (container uses the host's network stack), none (container has no network), container (shares another container's network stack), overlay (cross-host communication, used for Swarm clusters). In bridge mode, containers can access each other by container name; host mode has the best performance but poor isolation; overlay mode is suitable for distributed applications. You can use docker network create to create custom networks for more flexible container communication.