Vim provides various command-line mode operations for executing file and editing related commands. File operations: :e filename to open file, :w to save file, :w filename to save as, :q to quit, :q! to force quit without saving, :wq to save and quit, :x to save and quit (only when modified), :e! to reload file discarding changes. Editing operations: :u to undo, :Ctrl+r to redo, :g/pattern/d to delete matching lines, :v/pattern/d to delete non-matching lines, :g/pattern/s/old/new/g for global replacement. Window operations: :split to split horizontally, :vsplit to split vertically, :close to close window. Search and replace: :%s/old/new/g for global replacement, :s/old/new/g for current line replacement. Configuration operations: :source ~/.vimrc to reload configuration, :set option=value to set option. Command-line mode is an important part of Vim functionality, mastering these commands can greatly improve editing efficiency.