Common methods for Docker container debugging: 1) use docker logs to view container logs; 2) use docker exec -it container_name /bin/bash to enter the container interactive shell; 3) use docker inspect to view detailed container configuration and status; 4) use docker top to view running processes in the container; 5) use docker stats to view container resource usage; 6) use docker port to view port mappings; 7) use docker diff to view container file system changes. For containers that fail to start, you can use docker run --rm -it image_name /bin/bash to manually start for debugging. When debugging, it's recommended to use --cap-add=SYS_PTRACE and --security-opt seccomp=unconfined parameters for more debugging capabilities.