Scrapy provides various ways to handle dynamic web pages and JavaScript-rendered content. For simple dynamic content, Scrapy's FormRequest can be used to simulate form submissions or AJAX requests. For pages that require JavaScript rendering, tools such as Selenium, Playwright, or Splash can be combined. Selenium is a browser automation tool that can simulate real browser operations and is suitable for handling complex JavaScript interactions. Playwright is a modern browser automation tool that supports multiple browsers and asynchronous operations. Splash is a JavaScript rendering service that can return rendered HTML and is suitable for large-scale crawling. Developers can send requests to these tools through middleware to get rendered page content. It's important to note that using these tools will reduce crawling speed, and the appropriate solution should be selected based on actual needs. Scrapy also supports handling WebSocket connections and Server-Sent Events (SSE) for real-time data.