There are multiple methods for Docker container data backup and recovery: 1) use the docker cp command to copy files between containers and the host; 2) use volume mounts and directly backup the mounted directories on the host; 3) use docker commit to save the container as an image (not recommended because it includes unnecessary layers); 4) use docker export to export the container as a tar file; 5) use docker save to save the image as a tar file. Best practice is to use volumes and regularly backup the data directories on the host. For stateful applications like databases, it's recommended to use the application's built-in backup tools (such as mysqldump, pg_dump) combined with volumes for backup.