Vim and Neovim are two popular text editors with some important differences. Historical background: Vim was created by Bram Moolenaar in 1991, Neovim was forked from Vim in 2014 to improve Vim's architecture. Architecture differences: Neovim uses a more modern architecture with async I/O support and better performance; Vim's architecture is older and doesn't support async operations. API support: Neovim provides powerful Lua API for easy plugin development; Vim mainly uses Vimscript. Embedded terminal: Neovim natively supports embedded terminal; Vim 8.0+ started supporting it. Plugin ecosystem: Neovim's plugin ecosystem is growing rapidly, many new plugins prioritize Neovim support; Vim's plugin ecosystem is more mature and stable. Compatibility: Neovim is mostly compatible with Vim configurations; Vim configurations can be used directly in Neovim. Recommendation: Beginners can start with Vim, those seeking new features and better performance can choose Neovim.