How to ensure SQLite database security?

SQLite security needs to be considered from multiple levels:

1. Database Encryption

   • Use SQLCipher extension for database encryption
   • Supports multiple encryption algorithms (AES-256, etc.)
   • Encryption has some impact on performance

   sql
   -- Use SQLCipher to encrypt database
   PRAGMA key = 'encryption_key';

2. Access Control

   • SQLite itself does not support user permission management
   • Need to implement access control at application layer
   • Use file system permissions to control database file access
   • Use middleware layer for permission management in network environments

3. SQL Injection Protection

   • Use parameterized queries (Prepared Statements)
   • Avoid string concatenation to build SQL statements

   python
   # Python example: using parameterized queries
   cursor.execute("SELECT * FROM users WHERE id = ?", (user_id,))

4. Input Validation

   • Validate all user inputs
   • Limit input length and format
   • Use whitelist instead of blacklist validation

5. Data Integrity

   • Use constraints to ensure data integrity
   • Enable foreign key constraints: PRAGMA foreign_keys = ON;
   • Regularly backup the database

6. Security Configuration

   sql
   -- Restrict dangerous operations
   PRAGMA secure_delete = ON;  -- Overwrite when deleting data
   
   -- Disable loading extensions
   PRAGMA load_extension = OFF;

7. Transmission Security

   • If database file is transmitted over network, use encrypted transmission
   • Avoid transmitting plaintext database over untrusted networks
   • Use VPN or encrypted tunnel

8. Audit and Monitoring

   • Log database access
   • Monitor abnormal query patterns
   • Regularly review database access permissions

9. Mobile Application Security

   • Do not store database in accessible locations
   • Use device encryption features
   • Consider using keychain or keystore to store encryption keys

10. Best Practices

    • Principle of least privilege
    • Regularly update SQLite version
    • Conduct security code reviews
    • Implement data backup and recovery plans

SQLite security mainly relies on application layer implementation, developers need to comprehensively consider all security aspects.