How to Handle Exceptions in Dart?

In Dart, exception handling primarily relies on the keywords try, catch, and finally. The following are the basic steps for handling exceptions:

1. Use the try block: Place code that may throw exceptions within a try block.

2. Catch exceptions:

   • Use the catch block to catch exceptions. You can specify one or more catch blocks to handle different types of exceptions.
   • The catch block can receive an exception object, typically named e, and optionally a stack trace object, typically named s.

   Example:

   dart
   try {
     // Code that may throw an exception
   } catch (e) {
     // Handle the exception
     print('Exception: $e');
   }

   Or more detailed catching:

   dart
   try {
     // Code that may throw an exception
   } on SpecificException catch (e) {
     // Handle specific exception
     print('Specific exception: $e');
   } catch (e, s) {
     // Handle all other exceptions and print stack trace
     print('Exception: $e');
     print('Stack trace: $s');
   }

3. Use the finally block: The code within the finally block is executed regardless of whether an exception occurred. This is commonly used for resource cleanup, such as closing files or database connections.

   Example:

   dart
   try {
     // Code that may throw an exception
   } catch (e) {
     // Handle the exception
     print('Exception: $e');
   } finally {
     // Cleanup code that is always executed
     print('This is the finally block, executed regardless of exceptions.');
   }

Through these mechanisms, you can effectively handle errors and exceptions that may occur during code execution, ensuring the stability and reliability of the program.